1. Disparity between poor and rich nations
    • Globalisation tends to create wealth overall, but tends to create winners and losers – expanding socio-economic inequality. 
  2. Change in division of labour and techniques of production
    • Stages of production could be divided according to specific features and specializations of different regions and their workforce. 
    • Managed by telecommunication.
  3. Histories of conquest and colonisation – resulted in difference between exploiters and exploited
  4. Difference emerged between agricultural and industrial values
  5. Competition among cities
    • To attract financial investment and well educated and skilled mobile workforce.
    • To become centers of global commerce and socio-economic development.
  6. Impact on urban planning
  7. Urbanisation – negative impact
  8. Pressure on existing resources and capacity or cities
    • Increased economic investment  and infrastructure projects
  9. Poverty
  10. Housing shortage
  11. Inefficient and inequitable delivery of infrastructure services
  12. Spread of western ideals and culture
    • Considered as universal
  13. Influence of USA
  14. Spread of consumerist culture
    • Standard commodities promoted by global marketing campaigns.